But Allah guideth not those who reject Faith. The evil of their course seems pleasing to them. Verily the transposing (of a prohibited month) is an addition to Unbelief: The Unbelievers are led to wrong thereby: for they make it lawful one year, and forbidden another year, of months forbidden by Allah and make such forbidden ones lawful. But know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves. Of these four are known as forbidden That is the straight usage, so do not wrong yourselves therein, and fight those who go astray. The number of months with Allah has been twelve months by Allah's ordinance since the day He created the heavens and the earth. In the ninth year after the Hijra, as documented in the Qur'an ( 9:36-37), Muslims believe God (Allah) revealed the prohibition of the intercalary month. And the intercalary month was no longer allowed (releasing the calendar from the seasons) by Sura 9, verse 36 (believed to have been revealed about the end of Muhammad's lifetime), which implies a pre-Islamic year beginning near the vernal equinox because that is when the modern lunar year began during his last year.
So they used the intercalary month to manipulate the time in which these months occur. Moreover, Arabs had months in which fighting was forbidden. However, the rainy season after which these months are named may have been different when the names originated (before Muhammad's time) or the calendar may have been imported from another region which did have such a rainy season. These imply a pre-Islamic year beginning near the Autumnal equinox.
The two Rabi' months denote grazing and the modern Meccan rainy season (only slightly less arid than normal), which would promote the growth of grasses for grazing, occurs during autumn. It is assumed that the intercalary month was added between the twelfth month (the month of the pre-Islamic Hajj) and the first month ( Muharram) of this pre-Islamic year. Whether the intercalary month ( nasi) was added in the spring like that of the Hebrew calendar or in autumn is debated. The Arabian predecessor to the Islamic calendar was a lunisolar calendar which used lunar months, but was also synchronized with the seasons by the insertion of an additional, intercalary month, when required. The current Islamic Year is 1430 AH, from approximately Decem(evening) to Decem(evening). Thus each numbered year is designated either H or AH, the latter being the initials of the Latin anno Hegirae (in the year of the Hijra). Islamic years are also called Hijra years because the first year was the year during which the Hijra occurred- Islamic prophet Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina. Because this lunar year is about 11 days shorter than the solar year, Islamic holy days, although celebrated on fixed dates in their own calendar, usually shift 11 days earlier each successive solar year, such as a year of the Gregorian calendar. It is a lunar calendar having 12 lunar months in a year of about 354 days. The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar or Hijri calendar ( at-taqwīm al-hijrī Persian: تقویم هجری قمری taqwīm-e hejri-ye qamari ) is a lunar calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days and festivals.
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